Archive Issue
International Interdisciplinary Scientific Journal "Expert"
Volume 2, Issue 1 (2025)
Language of the original article: English
ABSTRACT. Migration significantly reshapes psychological identity, social belonging, and mental health trajectories. Acculturation stress, cultural bereavement, and identity disruption are widely discussed determinants of psychological distress among migrant populations and may contribute to increased vulnerability to suicidality. However, the relationships among these processes remain insufficiently synthesized despite the continuing growth of global migration. This structured narrative review examines peer-reviewed literature published between 2017 and 2025 to explore how acculturation stress and identity disruption interact across pre-migration, migration, and post-migration phases in shaping suicidality among migrant populations. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Thirty-nine studies were thematically analyzed across theoretical frameworks, epidemiological patterns, vulnerable subgroups, clinical assessment approaches, and intervention strategies. Evidence suggests that acculturative stress represents an important psychosocial factor associated with suicidality among migrants, particularly when combined with identity disruption, discrimination, and social marginalization. High-risk subgroups include early-age migrants, refugee populations exposed to trauma, and migrant women facing culturally mediated social pressures. While culturally adapted psychotherapeutic approaches demonstrate promising outcomes for migrant mental health, suicide-specific prevention evidence remains limited. Effective suicide prevention in migrant populations likely requires culturally informed psychiatric assessment and multilevel interventions addressing both clinical and structural determinants of mental health.
Keywords: acculturation stress; identity disruption; migration; suicidality; cultural psychiatry; culturally adapted interventions.
1. International Organization for Migration. (2024). World migration report 2024. UN Migration. Available at: https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2024
2. Usama, E. A., Fathi, A., Vasileva, M., Petermann, F., & Reinelt, T. (2021). Acculturation orientations and mental health when facing post-migration stress: Differences between unaccompanied and accompanied male Middle Eastern refugee adolescents, first-and second-generation immigrant and native peers in Germany. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 82, 232-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.04.002
3. Bekteshi, V., & Bellamy, J. L. (2024). Adapting for well-being: Examining acculturation strategies and mental health among Latina immigrants. Social Sciences, 13(3), 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13030138
4. Hollander, A. C., Pitman, A., Sjöqvist, H., Lewis, G., Magnusson, C., Kirkbride, J. B., & Dalman, C. (2020). Suicide risk among refugees compared with non-refugee migrants and the Swedish-born majority population. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 217(6), 686-692. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.220
5. Fortuna, L. R., Álvarez, K., Ramos Ortiz, Z., Wang, Y., Mozo Alegría, X., Cook, B. L., & Alegría, M. (2016). Mental health, migration stressors and suicidal ideation among Latino immigrants in Spain and the United States. European Psychiatry, 36, 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.001
6. Bhugra, D., & Becker, M. A. (2005). Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 4(1), 18–24. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1414713/
7. Yoon, M. S., Zhang, N., & Feyissa, I. F. (2022). Cultural Bereavement and Mental Distress: Examination of the Cultural Bereavement Framework through the Case of Ethiopian Refugees Living in South Korea. Healthcare, 10(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020201
8. Schwartz, S. J., Lee, S. W., García Isaza, A., Alpysbekova, A., Unger, J. B., Vo, D. H., Montero-Zamora, P., Watkins, L. G., López-Soto, A., Ramirez, E. M., Biechele, L., Schmid, S., Makarova, E., Cobb, C. L., Salas-Wright, C. P., Duque, M., Sahbaz, S., & Acaf, Y. (2025). Crisis Migration and Identity Disruption: An Integrative Perspective. Review of General Psychology, 29(3), 276-292. https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680251352819
9. Woodward, K. (2018). Concepts of identity and difference. In A museum studies approach to heritage (pp. 429-440). Routledge. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315668505-34/concepts-identity-difference-kathryn-woodward
10. Greenhalgh, T., Thorne, S., & Malterud, K. (2018). Time to challenge the spurious hierarchy of systematic over narrative reviews?. European journal of clinical investigation, 48(6), e12931. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12931
11. Moher, D., Tetzlaff, J., Tricco, A. C., Sampson, M., & Altman, D. G. (2007). Epidemiology and reporting characteristics of systematic reviews. PLoS medicine, 4(3), e78.. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040078
12. Lerias, D., Ziaian, T., Miller, E., Arthur, N., Augoustinos, M., & Pir, T. (2025). The role of acculturative stress on the mental health of immigrant youth: A scoping literature review. Community Mental Health Journal, 61(3), 462-491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-024-01351-x
13. Polanco-Roman, L., Ebrahimi, C. T., Mafnas, K. S., Hausmann-Stabile, C., Meca, A., Mazzula, S. L., ... & Lewis-Fernández, R. (2023). Acculturation and suicide-related risk in ethnoracially minoritized youth in the US: a scoping review and content analysis of the empirical evidence. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 58(8), 1121-1137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-023-02494-0
14. Hong, S. A., Thepthien, B. O., Buntup, D., & Tipayamongkholgul, M. (2025). Mental health and substance use among international migrant workers in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health Action, 18(1), 2548089. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2025.2548089
15. Berry, J. W. (2017). Theories and models of acculturation. The Oxford handbook of acculturation and health, 10, 15-28. Available at: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-43855-002
16. Choy, B., Arunachalam, K., Taylor, M., & Lee, A. (2021). Systematic review: Acculturation strategies and their impact on the mental health of migrant populations. Public Health in Practice, 2, 100069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100069
17. Lee, C. S., Sirin, S. R., Choi, E., & Sin, E. J. (2024). Meta-Analysis of acculturation and suicide-related outcomes: A test of the immigrant paradox. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 11(2), 913-927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-023-01572-y
18. Renzaho, A. M., Dhingra, N., & Georgeou, N. (2017). Youth as contested sites of culture: The intergenerational acculturation gap amongst new migrant communities—Parental and young adult perspectives. PloS one, 12(2), e0170700. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170700
19. Davis, R. E., Kennedy, M. G., & Austin, W. (2000). Refugee experiences and Southeast Asian women’s mental health. Western journal of nursing research, 22(2), 144-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/01939450022044331
20. Groen, S. P., Richters, A. J., Laban, C. J., van Busschbach, J. T., & Devillé, W. L. (2019). Cultural identity confusion and psychopathology: A mixed-methods study among refugees and asylum seekers in the Netherlands. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 207(3), 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000935
21. Yetim, O. (2024). Effects of acculturation and ethnic identity on migrant adolescent mental health. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 16(4), 628-643. Available at: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1350345
22. Brenes, F. (2023). Mental health disparities and suicide risk in US Hispanic immigrants. Journal of transcultural nursing, 34(3), 178-180. https://doi.org/10.1177/10436596231158137
23. Hernandez, D. J., Denton, N. A., Macartney, S., & Blanchard, V. L. (2012). Children in immigrant families: Demography, policy, and evidence for the immigrant paradox. In C. G. Coll & A. K. Marks (Eds.), The immigrant paradox in children and adolescents: Is becoming American a developmental risk? (pp. 17–36). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13094-001
24. Lane, R., & Miranda, R. (2018). The effects of familial acculturative stress and hopelessness on suicidal ideation by immigration status among college students. Journal of American College Health, 66(2), 76-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2017.1376673
25. Kim, M. J. (2021). Acculturation, social support and suicidal ideation among Asian immigrants in the United States. SSM-population health, 14, 100778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100778
26. Amin, R., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E., Mehlum, L., Runeson, B., Helgesson, M., Tinghög, P., ... & Qin, P. (2021). Does country of resettlement influence the risk of suicide in refugees? A case-control study in Sweden and Norway. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 30, e62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796021000512
27. Moore, A., van Loenhout, J. A. F., de Almeida, M. M., Smith, P., & Guha-Sapir, D. (2020). Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools. Global health action, 13(1), 1783957. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1783957
28. Wallin, M. I., Dahlin, M., Nevonen, L., & Bäärnhielm, S. (2020). Patients’ and clinicians’ experiences of the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview: A mixed method study in a Swedish outpatient setting. Transcultural psychiatry, 57(4), 542-555. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461520938917
29. George, U., Thomson, M. S., Chaze, F., & Guruge, S. (2015). Immigrant mental health, a public health issue: Looking back and moving forward. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(10), 13624-13648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121013624
30. Aggarwal, N. K., Pieh, M. C., Dixon, L., Guarnaccia, P., Alegria, M., & Lewis-Fernandez, R. (2016). Clinician descriptions of communication strategies to improve treatment engagement by racial/ethnic minorities in mental health services: A systematic review. Patient education and counseling, 99(2), 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.09.002
31. Forte, A., Trobia, F., Gualtieri, F., Lamis, D. A., Cardamone, G., Giallonardo, V., ... & Pompili, M. (2018). Suicide risk among immigrants and ethnic minorities: a literature overview. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(7), 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071438
32. Barrera, M., Jr., Castro, F. G., Strycker, L. A., & Toobert, D. J. (2013). Cultural adaptations of behavioral health interventions: A progress report. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(2), 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027085
33. Kananian, S., Kip, A., Schumm, H., Giesebrecht, J., Nicolai, A., Schade-Brittinger, C., Reese, J. P., Weise, C., Mewes, R., Morina, N., Ehring, T., & Stangier, U. (2022). Culturally adapted cognitive behavioural group therapy for mental disorders in refugees plus problem solving training (ReTreat): study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 12(11), e061274. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061274
34. Betancourt, T. S., Borisova, I. I., Williams, T. P., Brennan, R. T., Whitfield, T. H., De La Soudiere, M., ... & Gilman, S. E. (2010). Sierra Leone’s former child soldiers: A follow‐up study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration. Child development, 81(4), 1077-1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01455.x
35. Chen, E. C., Kakkad, D., & Balzano, J. (2008). Multicultural competence and evidence‐based practice in group therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(11), 1261-1278. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20533
36. Santos, M. M., Nagy, G. A., Kanter, J. W., & López, S. R. (2021). Applying a process-oriented model of cultural competence to behavioral activation for depression. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 28(2), 127-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.11.007
37. Hart, S. M., Colucci, E., & Marzano, L. (2024). Evaluating suicide prevention gatekeeper training designed to identify and support people from asylum-seeking and refugee backgrounds. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 2959. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20304-3
38. Bastia, T. (2014). Intersectionality, migration and development. Progress in development studies, 14(3), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993414521330
39. Torous, J., Linardon, J., Goldberg, S. B., Sun, S., Bell, I., Nicholas, J., ... & Firth, J. (2025). The evolving field of digital mental health: current evidence and implementation issues for smartphone apps, generative artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. World Psychiatry, 24(2), 156-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21299
ABSTRACT. Migration significantly reshapes psychological identity, social belonging, and mental health trajectories. Acculturation stress, cultural bereavement, and identity disruption are widely discussed determinants of psychological distress among migrant populations and may contribute to increased vulnerability to suicidality. However, the relationships among these processes remain insufficiently synthesized despite the continuing growth of global migration. This structured narrative review examines peer-reviewed literature published between 2017 and 2025 to explore how acculturation stress and identity disruption interact across pre-migration, migration, and post-migration phases in shaping suicidality among migrant populations. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Thirty-nine studies were thematically analyzed across theoretical frameworks, epidemiological patterns, vulnerable subgroups, clinical assessment approaches, and intervention strategies. Evidence suggests that acculturative stress represents an important psychosocial factor associated with suicidality among migrants, particularly when combined with identity disruption, discrimination, and social marginalization. High-risk subgroups include early-age migrants, refugee populations exposed to trauma, and migrant women facing culturally mediated social pressures. While culturally adapted psychotherapeutic approaches demonstrate promising outcomes for migrant mental health, suicide-specific prevention evidence remains limited. Effective suicide prevention in migrant populations likely requires culturally informed psychiatric assessment and multilevel interventions addressing both clinical and structural determinants of mental health.
Keywords: acculturation stress; identity disruption; migration; suicidality; cultural psychiatry; culturally adapted interventions.
References
1. International Organization for Migration. (2024). World migration report 2024. UN Migration. Available at: https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2024
2. Usama, E. A., Fathi, A., Vasileva, M., Petermann, F., & Reinelt, T. (2021). Acculturation orientations and mental health when facing post-migration stress: Differences between unaccompanied and accompanied male Middle Eastern refugee adolescents, first-and second-generation immigrant and native peers in Germany. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 82, 232-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.04.002
3. Bekteshi, V., & Bellamy, J. L. (2024). Adapting for well-being: Examining acculturation strategies and mental health among Latina immigrants. Social Sciences, 13(3), 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13030138
4. Hollander, A. C., Pitman, A., Sjöqvist, H., Lewis, G., Magnusson, C., Kirkbride, J. B., & Dalman, C. (2020). Suicide risk among refugees compared with non-refugee migrants and the Swedish-born majority population. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 217(6), 686-692. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.220
5. Fortuna, L. R., Álvarez, K., Ramos Ortiz, Z., Wang, Y., Mozo Alegría, X., Cook, B. L., & Alegría, M. (2016). Mental health, migration stressors and suicidal ideation among Latino immigrants in Spain and the United States. European Psychiatry, 36, 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.001
6. Bhugra, D., & Becker, M. A. (2005). Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 4(1), 18–24. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1414713/
7. Yoon, M. S., Zhang, N., & Feyissa, I. F. (2022). Cultural Bereavement and Mental Distress: Examination of the Cultural Bereavement Framework through the Case of Ethiopian Refugees Living in South Korea. Healthcare, 10(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020201
8. Schwartz, S. J., Lee, S. W., García Isaza, A., Alpysbekova, A., Unger, J. B., Vo, D. H., Montero-Zamora, P., Watkins, L. G., López-Soto, A., Ramirez, E. M., Biechele, L., Schmid, S., Makarova, E., Cobb, C. L., Salas-Wright, C. P., Duque, M., Sahbaz, S., & Acaf, Y. (2025). Crisis Migration and Identity Disruption: An Integrative Perspective. Review of General Psychology, 29(3), 276-292. https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680251352819
9. Woodward, K. (2018). Concepts of identity and difference. In A museum studies approach to heritage (pp. 429-440). Routledge. Available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315668505-34/concepts-identity-difference-kathryn-woodward
10. Greenhalgh, T., Thorne, S., & Malterud, K. (2018). Time to challenge the spurious hierarchy of systematic over narrative reviews?. European journal of clinical investigation, 48(6), e12931. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12931
11. Moher, D., Tetzlaff, J., Tricco, A. C., Sampson, M., & Altman, D. G. (2007). Epidemiology and reporting characteristics of systematic reviews. PLoS medicine, 4(3), e78.. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040078
12. Lerias, D., Ziaian, T., Miller, E., Arthur, N., Augoustinos, M., & Pir, T. (2025). The role of acculturative stress on the mental health of immigrant youth: A scoping literature review. Community Mental Health Journal, 61(3), 462-491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-024-01351-x
13. Polanco-Roman, L., Ebrahimi, C. T., Mafnas, K. S., Hausmann-Stabile, C., Meca, A., Mazzula, S. L., ... & Lewis-Fernández, R. (2023). Acculturation and suicide-related risk in ethnoracially minoritized youth in the US: a scoping review and content analysis of the empirical evidence. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 58(8), 1121-1137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-023-02494-0
14. Hong, S. A., Thepthien, B. O., Buntup, D., & Tipayamongkholgul, M. (2025). Mental health and substance use among international migrant workers in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health Action, 18(1), 2548089. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2025.2548089
15. Berry, J. W. (2017). Theories and models of acculturation. The Oxford handbook of acculturation and health, 10, 15-28. Available at: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-43855-002
16. Choy, B., Arunachalam, K., Taylor, M., & Lee, A. (2021). Systematic review: Acculturation strategies and their impact on the mental health of migrant populations. Public Health in Practice, 2, 100069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100069
17. Lee, C. S., Sirin, S. R., Choi, E., & Sin, E. J. (2024). Meta-Analysis of acculturation and suicide-related outcomes: A test of the immigrant paradox. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 11(2), 913-927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-023-01572-y
18. Renzaho, A. M., Dhingra, N., & Georgeou, N. (2017). Youth as contested sites of culture: The intergenerational acculturation gap amongst new migrant communities—Parental and young adult perspectives. PloS one, 12(2), e0170700. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170700
19. Davis, R. E., Kennedy, M. G., & Austin, W. (2000). Refugee experiences and Southeast Asian women’s mental health. Western journal of nursing research, 22(2), 144-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/01939450022044331
20. Groen, S. P., Richters, A. J., Laban, C. J., van Busschbach, J. T., & Devillé, W. L. (2019). Cultural identity confusion and psychopathology: A mixed-methods study among refugees and asylum seekers in the Netherlands. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 207(3), 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000935
21. Yetim, O. (2024). Effects of acculturation and ethnic identity on migrant adolescent mental health. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 16(4), 628-643. Available at: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1350345
22. Brenes, F. (2023). Mental health disparities and suicide risk in US Hispanic immigrants. Journal of transcultural nursing, 34(3), 178-180. https://doi.org/10.1177/10436596231158137
23. Hernandez, D. J., Denton, N. A., Macartney, S., & Blanchard, V. L. (2012). Children in immigrant families: Demography, policy, and evidence for the immigrant paradox. In C. G. Coll & A. K. Marks (Eds.), The immigrant paradox in children and adolescents: Is becoming American a developmental risk? (pp. 17–36). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13094-001
24. Lane, R., & Miranda, R. (2018). The effects of familial acculturative stress and hopelessness on suicidal ideation by immigration status among college students. Journal of American College Health, 66(2), 76-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2017.1376673
25. Kim, M. J. (2021). Acculturation, social support and suicidal ideation among Asian immigrants in the United States. SSM-population health, 14, 100778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100778
26. Amin, R., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E., Mehlum, L., Runeson, B., Helgesson, M., Tinghög, P., ... & Qin, P. (2021). Does country of resettlement influence the risk of suicide in refugees? A case-control study in Sweden and Norway. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 30, e62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796021000512
27. Moore, A., van Loenhout, J. A. F., de Almeida, M. M., Smith, P., & Guha-Sapir, D. (2020). Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools. Global health action, 13(1), 1783957. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1783957
28. Wallin, M. I., Dahlin, M., Nevonen, L., & Bäärnhielm, S. (2020). Patients’ and clinicians’ experiences of the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview: A mixed method study in a Swedish outpatient setting. Transcultural psychiatry, 57(4), 542-555. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461520938917
29. George, U., Thomson, M. S., Chaze, F., & Guruge, S. (2015). Immigrant mental health, a public health issue: Looking back and moving forward. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(10), 13624-13648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121013624
30. Aggarwal, N. K., Pieh, M. C., Dixon, L., Guarnaccia, P., Alegria, M., & Lewis-Fernandez, R. (2016). Clinician descriptions of communication strategies to improve treatment engagement by racial/ethnic minorities in mental health services: A systematic review. Patient education and counseling, 99(2), 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.09.002
31. Forte, A., Trobia, F., Gualtieri, F., Lamis, D. A., Cardamone, G., Giallonardo, V., ... & Pompili, M. (2018). Suicide risk among immigrants and ethnic minorities: a literature overview. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(7), 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071438
32. Barrera, M., Jr., Castro, F. G., Strycker, L. A., & Toobert, D. J. (2013). Cultural adaptations of behavioral health interventions: A progress report. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(2), 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027085
33. Kananian, S., Kip, A., Schumm, H., Giesebrecht, J., Nicolai, A., Schade-Brittinger, C., Reese, J. P., Weise, C., Mewes, R., Morina, N., Ehring, T., & Stangier, U. (2022). Culturally adapted cognitive behavioural group therapy for mental disorders in refugees plus problem solving training (ReTreat): study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 12(11), e061274. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061274
34. Betancourt, T. S., Borisova, I. I., Williams, T. P., Brennan, R. T., Whitfield, T. H., De La Soudiere, M., ... & Gilman, S. E. (2010). Sierra Leone’s former child soldiers: A follow‐up study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration. Child development, 81(4), 1077-1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01455.x
35. Chen, E. C., Kakkad, D., & Balzano, J. (2008). Multicultural competence and evidence‐based practice in group therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(11), 1261-1278. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20533
36. Santos, M. M., Nagy, G. A., Kanter, J. W., & López, S. R. (2021). Applying a process-oriented model of cultural competence to behavioral activation for depression. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 28(2), 127-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.11.007
37. Hart, S. M., Colucci, E., & Marzano, L. (2024). Evaluating suicide prevention gatekeeper training designed to identify and support people from asylum-seeking and refugee backgrounds. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 2959. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20304-3
38. Bastia, T. (2014). Intersectionality, migration and development. Progress in development studies, 14(3), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993414521330
39. Torous, J., Linardon, J., Goldberg, S. B., Sun, S., Bell, I., Nicholas, J., ... & Firth, J. (2025). The evolving field of digital mental health: current evidence and implementation issues for smartphone apps, generative artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. World Psychiatry, 24(2), 156-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21299
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Joseph, A., & Abraham, J. (2025). ACCULTURATION STRESS, IDENTITY, AND SUICIDALITY: PSYCHIATRIC PERSPECTIVES ON MIGRATION AND BELONGING. International Interdisciplinary Scientific Journal “Expert”, 2(1), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.62034/2815-5300/2025-v2-i1-010
Citation Format APA
Joseph, A., & Abraham, J. (2025). ACCULTURATION STRESS, IDENTITY, AND SUICIDALITY: PSYCHIATRIC PERSPECTIVES ON MIGRATION AND BELONGING. International Interdisciplinary Scientific Journal “Expert”, 2(1), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.62034/2815-5300/2025-v2-i1-010.
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